ABSTRACT
It is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of HBV worldwide. Apparently 3% of Iranian populations are chronic carriers of this virus. We aimed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group. The current case-control study was designed to evaluate the viral DNA in biological fluids of 70 chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group using ELISA, PCR and Real Time. All individuals [100%] in case group were HBsAg positive while in control group only 2 individuals [2.8%] were HBsAg positive. Three individuals, in control group were positive using PCR and Real Time PCR indicating that about 7% of those in control group were chronic carriers of HBV. The interesting point was the copy of viral DNA; [5.49 x104, 2.162x103and 7.26x106] for 3 chronic carriers using sera while it was about [5.71x103, 1.45x102 and 2.56x105] using ear cerumen confirming the necessity of investigating for the carriers of HBV in different biological fluid and by different methods. It can be concluded chronic carriers of hepatitis B are much more than what is diagnosed by routine diagnostic tests. On the other hand ELISA alone can not be relied on as a complete test for screening of chronic carriers in hepatitis B. PCR and Real Time PCR are more reliable tests for this purpose